Please rhetorically analyze ONE of the following speeches for this assignment. All speeches can be found within the Opposing Viewpoints? database connected to this course. See

ENG102_MH_V5 | Writing Assignment 1: Rhetorical Analysis

Assignment Guide: Rhetorical Analysis

Assignment Overview What is an analysis?

To analyze means to break things or ideas down to smaller points to learn what those points are and how they relate to one another. Thus, an analysis is the act of closely examining something to learn more about it.

What is a “rhetorical” analysis?

A rhetorical analysis examines a written, visual, or auditory piece of communication by looking closely at its parts (its "rhetorical situation)–audience, purpose, medium, and context–and forwarding an argument about that piece of communication.These elements are called the rhetorical situation.  

The “Rhetorical Situation” considers the following:

Audience: Spectator, listeners, and/or readers of a given communication. Depending on the author’s/writer’s perception, an audience may be real (actually listening or reading), invoked (those to whom the writer explicitly writes) or imagined (those who the writer believes will read/hear her work). Purpose: The author’s reason for communicating; the expected or intended outcome.  Medium: The communication’s delivery method, which varies by type of text: the written word, image, sound or multimodal texts. Context: The time and place surrounding the communication as it is shared.

The rhetorical situation also considers the appeals a communicator makes to their audience. These appeals can be seen in a triangular position, the rhetorical triangle.

Ethos (Credibility &

Trust)

  Speaker/Writer

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              Aristotle's Rhetorical Triangle

 Audience/Reader                                            

                      Subject/Topic 

Pathos (Emotion &

Intelligence)

Logos (logic, facts,

& consistency)

Considering the rhetorical triangle: How does a communicator appeal to their audience?

In order for a writer to successfully convey an argument, certain persuasive techniques are utilized. These techniques function together within a text, though some are used more than others within a given argument.  The interactive relationship between these techniques is referred to as the rhetorical triangle. It was Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, who helped us to see these elements of persuasion as interlinked in such a way. Thus, in learning to read or write a persuasive analysis, it is helpful to think about the relationship among the triangle’s elements: ethos, pathos, and logos, or an appeal to the audience through the credibility of the speaker (ethos), through an emotional tug (pathos), and/or through the use of logic (logos).

The following are the three elements of the rhetorical triangle:

Ethos: An appeal to the authority or credibility of the author. The speaker must convince the audience of their credibility through the language they use and through the delivery, or embodied performance, of their text/speech. Consider the following:

What experiences or claims to authority qualify the author to speak or write? What is the credibility and moral character of the writer/speaker? What does the design or appearance of the text you are analyzing convey? Does it look professional? What can you say about the author based on the appearance of the text alone?

Pathos: An appeal to emotion. Emotional appeals evoke feelings of pity, sympathy, tenderness, or sorrow. The speaker may also want the audience to feel anger, fear, courage, love, happiness, sadness, etc. Consider the following:

How does the author appeal to the emotions of the reader/viewer? How does the author establish a bond with his audience? What kinds of feelings does the communication (e.g. speech) provoke?

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Logos: The means of persuasion by demonstration of the truth, real or apparent, the reasons or supporting information used to support a claim, and the use of logic or reason to make an argument. Logos can include citing facts and statistics, historical events, and other forms of fact-based evidence. Consider the following:

How does the author back up their argument in the text? Do they incorporate facts, statistics, or numbers? How logical is the author’s argument? Are the claims this author is making realistic? Does the author consider alternative arguments?

What about the "stuff" a writer or speaker says that’s not quite right or a bit sneaky?

These are called logical fallacies. A fallacy is something that people think is true but, in fact, is not. A logical fallacy occurs when a communicator or writer/speaker tries to convince his audience using facts, ideas or information that may be misleading or may appear misleading to the audience. Logical fallacies within a particular text or communication can occur accidentally or with the purpose to deceive. No matter the impetus, a logical fallacy is a mistruth.

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ENG102_MH_V5 | Writing Assignment 1: Rhetorical Analysis

Assignment Prompt: Rhetorical Analysis Overview

Before you start working on your own research argument essay, you will spend some time studying the arguments of others, to better understand how they successfully structured and presented a persuasive project. The rhetorical analysis is a foundational assignment to introduce you to the “rhetorical situation,” as a concept. The goal is for you to take what you learn about successful argument, and apply it to your own writing in this course.

For this rhetorical analysis assignment, you will analyze a speech (see the options below) to gain a better understanding of “the rhetorical situation”- the audience, purpose, medium, and context–within which the speech was created. In addition to dissecting the speech’s rhetorical situation, you will also identify and discuss the author’s choice of rhetorical appeals (ethos, pathos, logos) or evidence. *This is the one and only assignment that is not driven by your personal topic selection, as all the following assignments build on each other starting with the Annotated Bibliography and concluding with the Research Story.

Expectations

As a foundational assignment, the rhetorical analysis will help you to:

 Identify and analyze the rhetorical elements of a piece of communication

Assess the effectiveness of a speaker’s choices, in relation to the rhetorical situation

Build a foundation for future argument writing based on the skills and strategies identi�ed and analyzed in this assignment 

Requirements

Length:  There is a 1000 word-minimum. All elements noted below are to be included in the analysis. See Assignment Organization.

* if the minimum word count is not met, your assignment will be returned with no grade and a resubmission will be required.   

Organization: Check out the table below for more information about the required content and conditions of each component:

Component Content Conditions

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